Monthly Archives: June 2016

Determination of permanent hardness of water

The available methods for determination of permanent hardness of water are O’Heners method, EDTA method and Soap titration method. Initially we have to know; what is hardness? –Hardness is due to presence of bicarbonate, sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium. It is expressed in ppm (part per million) as calcium carbonate. There are two types of hardness: Temporary Read more