Category: Swimming pool water

Swimming pool start up kits

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Swimming pool start up kits are the most important chemicals for any pool owner. After the winter season when the weather is starting to warm up or when we fill up new pool for the first time both cases these kits plays an important rule; it is not a matter whether it is in ground or above ground pool or intex pool. Without water balance the pool water isn’t quite ready for swimmers. The correct pool start up chemicals make the pool is free of any potentially harmful contaminants and will protect the swimmers. These chemical contains total alkalinity controller, pH, hardness, sanitize, stain prevention products, algaecides, clarifiers and Sun Sorb. Together, all of these chemicals will clean, clear and safe pool water and therefore we can jump into the pool and start to enjoy the swimming. The following top 10 pool opening tips should be taken by the pool owners which is very easy to do.

Swimming pool start up kits

Step-1: Taking Off Pool Cover

If the pool is an existing pool and having a winter cover then remove it carefully because it may have some amount of water and debris on the cover. So before uncover the pool you should remove the water and debris. After removes the water or debris uncover the pool carefully so that it may not fall into the pool, if some amount of water or debris fall into the pool then it does not a matter because the pool will be thoroughly cleaned. After removing clean the cover properly and store in a safe zone like a basement, garage, storage shed so that it does not damage in summer season and you can use for the next winter season.

Step-2: Reconnect the Equipments

After removing the cover, it is time to reconnect all the equipment which are disconnected before the winter season. The equipment may be pool filter, pump, ladder, pool cleaner or other accessories. Then lubricate all the machinery where needed.  It is very important for the equipment keeping safe and proper working position.

Step-3: Test the Water

This step is need for both the new pool and winterization pool. In this step test your water by using test kit. It is important to test the water for total alkalinity, pH, Chlorine, hardness and stabilizer levels and use the Swimming pool start up kits step by step. You should take the water samples from different point below from the surface of water and average the result for better one. It will help you which chemical you have to use. Never add the chemicals before test the water.

Step-4: Test the Total Alkalinity

After completing the water test, we have to balance the water by adding chemicals. Firstly we should have to balance the alkalinity because it will help to adjust the other parameter in normal range. Alkalinity measures the concentration of free alkaline substances in the water. The proper levels for total alkalinity range from 80 to 120 ppm. If the alkalinity is high then we can lower it by adding an alkalinity decreaser like sodium bisulfate. On the other hand if the alkalinity is low then we can raise the total alkalinity by adding an alkalinity increaser like sodium bicarbonate.

Step-5: PH adjustment

Once we adjust the total alkalinity then we can begin to adjust to other parameters like pH adjustment. The pH is the determination of the acidity or alkalinity of the water. pH means hydrogen ions molar concentration in a solution. The pH ranges from 0 to 14 where 0 means more acidic and 14 means more basic. The pool water pH level should be adjusted from 7.2 to 7.6. To increase the pH we can add soda ash whereas to decrease the pH we can use pH decreaser like muriatic acid and sodium bisulphate.

Step-6: Calcium Hardness

Pool calcium hardness means the amount of calcium ions concentration in water express as CaCO3. Both high and low levels of calcium hardness create problems in swimming pool. The perfect level of calcium hardness in pool water is 150-350 ppm. if the calcium hardness is very low then we can raise this by adding hardness increaser chemicals like calcium chloride. On the other hand if the calcium hardness is very high then we can decrease this by several way such as dilute the water, hardness reducer. For more information you can see the article “Pool calcium hardness increaser and reducer”.

Step-7:  Brush and Vacuum

After the winter season a remarkable amount of dirt and debris may contain in pool water. It can be a source of algae and bacteria. So before the sanitization it is good idea to give the pool a thorough brushing and vacuuming. It will helpful to eliminate algae spores. During brushes it is important to brushing all the point of the pool. Now run the filtration system and circulate the water for at least 8 hours or overnight but it is better to circulate the water for 24 hours. It also helps spreads pool chemicals evenly.

Step-8:  Sanitize the Water

After circulate the water next step is to shock or sanitize the pool water. Chlorine used as a sanitizing chemical of water. This chemical help the swimmers from getting rid of bacteria, algae growth, dirt, debris and other unwanted water contaminants that may have entered into the pool during the winter season and keeps the water clean and safe. There are several types of pool chlorine such as gaseous, liquid chlorine, tablet chlorine, granular chlorine and powdered chlorine are used in swimming pool. Calcium hypochlorite is the most common type sanitizing chemicals. Cyanuric acid used in swimming pool as a chlorine stabilizer. It is known as CYA. After adding the chlorine leave the pool for overnight then retest the pH and calcium hardness, adjust these two parameters if necessary.

Step-9:  Prevent Algae

If After socking the pool, it is time to start treatment for algae. The most common question from swimming pool owners are that “how to remove algae from pool water”. They are single-celled microscopic organisms that grow quickly in the right conditions. They will create some problem like slime, odor, discolor the water which looks ugly. By keeping pool chemistry at right stage you can prevent their growth. A wide variety species of algae are found in the world. Properly swimming pool water maintenance (including regular circulation and filtration) and keeping minimum sanitizer levels will prevent any algae spores entering the pool water. The most common type swimming pool algaecide are copper sulphate, chelated copper-based products, quaternary ammonia, benzalkonium chloride and simazine.

Step-10: Metal Stains

During winter season, the metal such as manganese, iron and copper can build up in pool water and can lead to discolor the water. The metal may enter in pool water through by chemicals, pool equipment and plumbing or poles, toys, and tools that are fall into the water. Moreover, fresh water is also an important source of metal in pool water. Higher level of metals can create stains on swimming pool. To remove metals you can follow the methods that are described in the article “Problems of iron and copper in pool water”.

To balance the water, use this swimming pool start up kits in a regular basis. It will keep your water and the pool in good condition.

salt water pool problems

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Despite the popularity of the salt water pool in the USA is increasing day by day, but they have some problems. They are not a chlorine free swimming pool. Here Chlorine is produced from the salt water with the help of electrolytic chlorine generator (ECG). These types of pools are popular due to the water is clean, less chlorine smell, lower chloramines formation and low eyes irritation. The common salt water pool problems are scale, corrosion, drainage etc. Comparatively it is not a better pool then a chlorine pool. So you should consider the following problems before installation this type of pool.
salt water pool problems

Salt water swimming pool pH problem or scaling problems

The pH levels are a significant factor among the salt water pool problems. In these system the pH is tends to higher level. Reason, the sodium hydroxide also produces in chlorine generation process which are shown in the following reaction.
H2O + NaCl → HOCl + NaOH
The pool should be run between the pH level from 7.4 to 7.8. The pH over 8.0 can brings bad effects to the pool. It is a favorable condition to create scaling. Moreover, the chlorine may be lock up at higher pH. The scale can damage various parts of the pool. Common scaling components are calcium, phosphate, silicate and sulfates. The mineral deposit on the blades of electrolytic chlorine generator (ECG) can contribute to hamper the effectiveness and life span of the ECG which can lead to premature replacement. It is very costly to replace.


Moreover, the scale can also increase the temperature of the water. The scale on the blade can act as insulator and able to generate heat, so the contact water becomes hotter. On the other hand lower pH also creates problems. It can reduce the chlorine effectiveness, make the water corrosive and build up brown stains on the pool’s surface.

Draining system

Draining system is another problem for salt water swimming pool. Because of many municipalities prohibit to drains the saltwater from chlorine pool into the local sewer system. This water is harmful to plants, lawns, environments etc. Therefore they encourage the pool owners to send water into sanitary drainage system or trucked away.

Corrosion

Corrosion is another important dangerous matter among the salt water pool problems. Salty environment effects on the metallic equipments and attacks the cement in the plaster and floor materials. So if you installed a saltwater pool then the metallic objects are vulnerable and easily corrodes. Different metals such as nickel, galvanized steel, copper and titanium may able to develop a small electric charge. Moisture presence on the metal surfaces will rise to take place the corrosion processes. If the salt levels in the environment are low then the corrosion process is slow.

Chemical balance

Some pool owners think that salt water pools are not required maintenance. But they need water balance such as chlorine, pH, and alkalinity on a regular basis. On the other hand, occasionally they also need algaecide, clarifier, stain and scale control.

Chlorine Generator

Generator is used is salt water system for producing chlorine. After 1 to 3 years the cell of this generator should be replaced. The replacing cost is very high which is about $500 to $800. Moreover, calcium may deposit on the chlorinator cell; mainly for incorrect pH levels. It needs to be cleaning every 90 days. If it is goes long time without cleaning then the lifespan of the cell will be shortened. Low salt level in the pool can also harmful for the cell plate; reason it can responsible for oxygen production. It is better to keep the salinity levels between 2500 and 3500 to operate chlorine generator greatly. You should also know that single generator will not perfect for different salinity levels. Different chlorine generator would be perfect for different salinity levels.

Health salt water pool problems

Salt water swimming pool is harmful for health, because the skin will absorb sodium, salt, and chlorine. It is not suitable for the patients with high blood pressure, circulatory issues and a history of stroke.

Conclusion

Although the salt water swimming pool is easy to maintenance but it is not a great alternative of the traditional pools. If you are not able to take care properly, then it can corrode different parts including chlorine generator of your pools. So you should consider above salt water pool problems before installation.

Swimming pool filter system

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Swimming pool filter system is used to removes dust, dirt, debris and other particulates from the water. These contaminants come into the pool water through the environment, chemicals or carried by the swimmers. The wind blows the dust, leaves, chemical wastes, pollen, spores, bacteria etc. into the water. On the other hand swimmers carry sweat, suntan oils, urine, bacteria, viruses, etc. to the water. Many chemicals are used to maintenance the pool water which is also a great source of particulates. Filtration is a mechanical process and every swimming pool has a filtration system. Generally, pump is run by the pool owner about 6-8 hours each day. After removing the contaminants the water becomes hygiene and safety to the swimmers.
Swimming pool filter system
Swimming pool water filter systems are three basic types: sand filter, cartridge filter and diatomaceous earth filter. Among them pool sand filter is most common and are much easier to maintain compare to other two types of filters. You can choose your filter by considering water condition, local weather and personal preferences. Although the filter can removes floating or suspended particles from the water, but cannot removes the settle particles to the bottom or fixed contaminants to the walls.

Pool Sand Filter

Sand filter is a tank which is filled with multi-layers of sand and gravel and placed in line just after the water pump. The diameter of the tank may be 2 or 4 feet and made out of metal, fiberglass or concrete. In this sand filter the water passes through this sand and finish up in the pool by remaining the contaminants like dust, dirt, debris on grains of sand. The sand can remove the particles as low as 20-25 microns thus clarifying your water. While the particles are block the filtration system and raising the pressure in the filter. Then it must needs to backwash the system by reversing the water throughout the filter. After five or seven years the sand are more tightly packed and does not able to works intend. Hence they should be removed. You can use 500 kg graded sand for 50000 liters water.


Pool Cartridge Filter

Cartridge Filters consist of a cylindrical cartridge which is a hard plastic core by wrapping with polyester fabric. It is sealed on both ends to hold the pleats in place. The fabrics are tight mesh and strain out impurities. It can remove the particles as low as 10-15 microns. It works fine under lower speeds. When the meshes of the fabrics are packed up with the debris then it needs to be clean. The cleaning process is very simple, just removes the cartridge and sprayed down with a hose. After that places the original position. It doesn’t require back-washing like a sand filter. At present Cartridge filter is one of most popular and common swimming pool water filtering system on the market. They work best in salt systems. It is energy efficient, cost effective, and readily available.

D.E. Filter

The Diatomaceous Earth that is fine, white powder is the filtering agent of this filter. It helps to filter out contaminant particles as small as 3-5 microns. The D.E. Filter is also a tank which is contains a several number of fabric covered grids where the fabric is coated with Diatomaceous Earth. This filter is more expensive compared to Sand or Cartridge Filters but giving the clearest water. It needs to backwash two or three times per year. This filter is not Eco-friendly. During backwash some of Diatomaceous Earth (about 60-70%) is washout and goes to environment and into the surrounding ground water. Therefore these filters are banned in some states. To make up the wash D.E powder is added to the system through the skimmer.

Diatomaceous Earth Filter is basically two type depends on construction of the inside girds; the vertical grid and the spin type filter. Between these two filters vertical grid is more effective.

comparison on swimming pool filter system

The following table provides comparison among the three types of swimming pool filter system.

Types of Filters Pros Cons
Sand Filter
  1. Cheaper and easy to maintenance
  2. Sand last 5-7 years
  1. Less energy efficient
  2. Needed frequent backwashing about every week.
Cartridge Filter
  1. No backwash
  2. Requires less water to clean
  3. Environmentally friendly
  4. Filter runs at lower speeds
  5. Larger surface area
  6. Traps tiny particles as small as 5-10 microns
  7. Cartridges are available and reasonable price
  1. More maintenance cost than sand filters
  2. Cartridges need to be clean once or twice per year and replaced after about every three years.
Diatomaceous Earth Filter
  1. Most efficient
  2. Traps the smallest particles
  3. Provide the cleanest water
  1. Expensive and higher maintenance costs.
  2. Not the environmental friendly
  3. The D.E. powder is carcinogenic


You can choose best filter for your pool by considering pool size, energy efficient, cost effective system. If your filtering capacity is too higher or lower according to your pool water volume, then it is not good choice for you. A good swimming pool filter system is environmental friendly, user friendly, easy to install, maintenance or cleaning. Considering overall fact the pool sand filter and cartridge filter is better for your pool.

Swimming pool chlorine stabilizer

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Cyanuric acid used as a swimming pool chlorine stabilizer. The Chlorine sanitizes the pool water and keeps the water clean and safe for the swimmers. In presence of sun light and high temperatures it is very unstable; it breaks down into inactive components and losses its effectiveness. Therefore to maintain the chlorine level for water disinfection, we have to add more amount of chlorine. It increases the chemical cost. The pool Cyanuric acid reacts with the free chlorine and forms a compound to give it more stability in sunlight. Consequently, it reduces the loss of free chlorine in presence of UV light. In other words, it reduces the cost of pool water maintenance. If you neglect it then you will loss huge amount of chlorine.

Cyanuric acid is also known as CYA. The chemical formula of it is (CNOH)3. It is white and odorless solid. It has lower pH.

As the sunlight doesn’t enter the indoor pools, so you do not need stabilized the pool. In this case 5-10 ppm Cyanuric acid is enough. It will lessen the chloramines formation.

Without stabilizer a pool can loss about 80-90% of its free chlorine within a few hours in presence of UV rays.
Swimming pool chlorine stabilizer
In The Swim Pool Chlorine Stabilizer and Conditioner – 10 lb. Bag

Cyanuric acid test
It is recommended that you should regular test of your swimming pool chlorine stabilizer to keep the appropriate levels. The chemical test for pool cyanuric acid is very easy. You can determine it with the test strips. If the stabilizer level is too low then you have to add the required amount to bring the level up.

Pool stabilizer levels
The acceptable pool stabilizer levels are 30 – 80 ppm. To properly maintain the ideal level is about 35-50ppm. The ideal level may differ depends on region. For example, in northern areas the ideal range is 20-40 ppm. On the other hand, in some region the acceptable is up to 100ppm. Low or high cyanuric acid in pool is not recommended, both are harmful to pool.

High cyanuric acid in pool

Higher swimming pool chlorine stabilizer levels can slower the effectiveness of chlorine. Therefore it is not able to kill bacteria and micro-organisms, and prevent algae. Moreover, it also increases the cloudiness of pool water. In contrast there is no evidence that it is carcinogenic. If the pool stabilizer level cross the 100ppm, then your chlorine can turn into ineffective.

Swimming pool chlorine stabilizer
Natural Chemistry Liquid Swimming Pool Stabilizer and Conditioner – 1 Gallon

Lowering cyanuric acid in pool
There is no chemical available in the market to lower the stabilizer. You should regular monitoring it to maintain the acceptable level. You can follow the following method to lowering the swimming pool chlorine stabilizer.

Replace with fresh water: You can replace a portion of pool water with fresh water. However the replacing of water is very costly.

Used non-stabilized chlorine product: Different stabilized chlorine products are available in the market such as dichloro or trichloro products. These types of stabilized chlorine products may contain up to 5% or higher stabilizer. They could increases the level of Cyanuric acid. Hence, if the level is too high, you should use non-stabilized chlorine product when needed. You should know that regular backwashing helps to stay the pool stabilizer level lower.

Low cyanuric acid in pool

We know that low cyanuric acid in pool can’t able to stabilize the chlorine properly. Therefore, free chlorine can be released into air. As a result it cannot do sanitized pool water perfectly. If the cyanuric acid test shows that the level is low, then you have to need add the stabilizer. For example to raise about 20ppm for a 3000 gallons swimming pool, you have to add about 200 gm. Swimming pool chlorine stabilizer is dropped due to drain, backwash, splashout or winterization.


Problems of iron and copper in pool water

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The presence of metal such as manganese, iron and copper in pool water can lead to discolor the water when chlorine or any other oxidizer is added. It does not affect on the clarity of the water too much. Magnesium and manganese can also increase the hardness of the water. The metal may enter in pool water through by chemicals, pool equipment and plumbing or poles, toys, and tools that are fall into the water. Moreover, fresh water is also an important source of metal in pool water. Higher level of metals can create stains on swimming pool.

Iron in pool water
Iron in pool water

Copper in pool water

Copper in pool water can be introducing in many ways. It can enter as one of the natural element through your local water source. Cheaper algaecides are another source. Moreover, it is also used in many equipment and plumbing of swimming pools. Copper may be dissolved into the pool water, if the water is imbalances at any how such as misuse of chemicals, lower pH, total alkalinity or calcium hardness.

Copper in pool water
Copper in pool water

High copper in pool water

Higher copper is not allowed for swimming pool. The maximum level for copper is 1.00 ppm, but it is better to keep below 0.2 ppm or zero. If the copper level is high, it can lead to green hair, fingernails, pool walls and water, as well as pool staining. Lower concentration of copper with proper direction usually does not cause a problem. It can be helpful for pool water. For example copper sulfate or chelated copper is useful in controlling common pool algae. Moreover, it will help to proper sanitation by reducing the consumption of chlorine. It is recommended not to use copper sulfate; it is not suitable for swimming pool. It is suitable for surface waters such as reservoirs, lakes and ponds algaecide. Instead of it you may use other algaecides.

Remove copper from pool water

To remove copper from pool water the following method can be applied:

  • Chelating agents: Copper staining can be protected by using chelating agents. This agents formation a bond with the metal ions and prevents them from oxidized with the chlorine and other oxidizers.
  • Using metal-trap filter: physically, copper and other heavy metal can remove by using metal-trap filter. Recirculation the pool water by submersible pump, through a metal-trap filter will reduce the possibility of staining and discoloration.
  • You can replace a portion of pool water with fresh water, but it would not a wise decision, it can imbalances the pool water.
copper in pool water removal

Complete Stain Removal Bundle Filter Size

Iron in pool water

Higher Iron is not allowed for swimming pool; it may alter the original pool water color into brown or green color. The maximum acceptable level of iron in pool water is 0.3ppm although iron-free water is wanted. High concentrations of iron can damage or discoloration of the pool surface. As like copper, corrosive water can lead to introducing iron in pool water. The water tends to be corrosive, if the pool water is lower pH, lower total alkalinity or lower calcium hardness level. As a result the “rusting” of metal parts of pool’s pump, pipe-network, heater, or other metal accessories can be dissolved into water.

You can remove iron from pool water as same process of copper removing.

copper in pool water removal

Pool Mate 1-2550 Mineral Out and Stain Remover for Swimming Pools, 1-Quart

Manganese in pool water

When chlorine or any other oxidizer is used in Manganese containing pool water then it discolor and the water turn into deep purple, blue or black. The water generally does not lose its clarity or become cloudy. It is difficult to identify. Super chlorination completely oxidized the manganese and allows precipitating to the bottom of the pool. It can stains on pool plaster and tile grouting.

Testing of iron or copper in pool water

You can know what metal along with quantity of the metal by testing the pool water. Primarily you can make a visual diagnosis with the help of water color. If the water is green then it may be copper whereas brown color indicates iron. Since the iron or copper in pool water does not change dramatically, hence it is enough to test once per month. It is recommended to test immediately if rapidly changes the color (as we mix various copper containing chemicals). You can test it, any time of the day.

Testing the copper and iron in pool water is very easy process with test strip kits. Just dip the test strip into the sample water for 5-60 seconds. Then remove the test strip from the water and shake once for removing extra water from the strip. Wait for while and compare the color on the test strip with the color chart that comes with the kit. This is the general instruction but you must read the package instructions and test the water sample according to their guide lines. You can use following kits to test copper, iron or other metal in pool water

1. AquaChek 661455 Iron Test Strip

AquaChek 661455 Iron Test Strip Measures the Total Iron. This strip allows a fast and accurate way to test for metal contaminates that can cause staining and water discoloration in pool and spa water. It measures the total iron from 0 to 5 ppm. It contains 25 strips per bottle.

2. Industrial Test Systems 481348 Copper 3 in 1 Pool Check

The Industrial Test Systems 481348 Copper 3 in 1 Pool Check strip is used for testing Copper, Total Alkalinity, and pH. These three tests combined into one strip, testing is super easy and efficient. It Contains 50 test strips. You can measure the copper level up to 0 to 2 ppm. The strip is made in the USA. You can easily read the colors. It provides you more accurate result than traditional test strips. Copper test strips can monitor copper ionizing systems and copper sulfate pentahydrate additives.

3. LaMotte 2994 Insta-Test Iron and Copper Multi-Factor Test Strip Kit

The LaMotte 2994 Insta-Test Iron and Copper Multi-Factor Test Strip Kit is colored paper pads. It can measure the iron level from 0 to 5 ppm and copper level from 0 to 3 ppm. It contains 25 test strips. They are easy to use, give accurate results and are way less expensive than using an outside lab.

4. 16 in 1 Drinking Water Test Kit Strips

Med Lab Diagnostic’s 16 in 1 drinking water test kit can measure 16 pool water parameters including Copper, Iron, Mercury, Lead, and Aluminum. It contains 200 test strips in two separate sealed pouches. Each of the pouches has 100 strips; so the strips will have a longer shelf life. The shelf life of the strips is 2 years when they are sealed. Once they are opened, the strips are generally good for approximately 90 days. These water testing strips provide accurate results very quickly and easily for testing your pool water. They are made from biodegradable material so Safe for the environment. These strips come with a full color instruction guide which has information about each of the 16 parameter tested. Although the Med Lab Diagnostics is a USA company its product is manufactured in China.

Total dissolved solids in pool water

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Generally the total dissolved solids in pool water are always rising. TDS is the measure of the total amount of the soluble substances that are dissolved in the water. The including soluble substances are calcium, manganese, sodium, copper, iron, other trace metals, chlorides, sulfates, rubber ducks, swimmer waste, every bit of dissolved dust, pollen, total alkalinity, conditioner, and all chemical treatment. Usually, low TDS levels are present in soft water. It can be measured by TDS test meter.

Table of Contents:

Pool TDS factors

The total dissolved solids in pool water can be affected in many ways. All the chemicals that we are added to balance pool water are increased the TDS level such as chlorine, pH increaser or reducer, algaecide, alkalinity, water hardness increaser or reducer, shock, clarifiers etc. Pool TDS may introduce by swimmers with the help of sweat, perfume, deodorant, hairspray and others substances that are coming from their bodies. Evaporation can also increase the TDS level. Water is evaporated from the swimming pool as pure level by leaving behind the dissolved solids. To maintaining pool water level fresh water are added which is containing certain amount of TDS. Therefore, it increases the total dissolved solids. Moreover, all things such as dust, dirt, animal wastes that are carried by the wind or rain into the pool water also contribute to TDS level.

Pool TDS Level
According to EPA water standards the maximum acceptable level of distilled or pure water is 0 ppm and for drinking water is 500 ppm. There are various opinions about the maximum tolerable level of TDS for swimming pool water. By consideration all opinions the maximum acceptable level is 1,500-2000 ppm. Conversely the minimum acceptable level is 300 ppm. The TDS level is not main issue; the main subject is what type of the solids that are dissolved. Therefore some pool can operate without problems at higher ppm.

How to Test TDS
There are two methods to test the total dissolved solids in pool water. The most common and accurate method is TDS test meter. This method is working basis on conductivity. To maintain accuracy this device needs calibration. The other test method is TDS test strip method which is inexpensive and less accurate. It is very simple method; anyone can determine the pool TDS level with the help of color chart. It is suggested to test the TDS twice per month during summer months due to high evaporation rate. During others season, it is enough to test at least once per month. If you are facing with TDS problems you can test more frequently. There is no exact time of day to test it.
Total dissolved solids in pool water
HM Digital COM-100 Waterproof Combo Meter for EC, TDS and Temperature, 1-Pack

Problems of High TDS
High TDS can lead to many problems such as cloudy pool water, stains on tile and plaster, scaling, hard water, salt taste and trouble to keep chlorine level. In fact sometimes excess of TDS, have no influence without on clarity. Reason, all solids will not create problems. The problematic dissolved solids are nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, chlorides and ammonia whereas calcium and some other salt are actually good TDS.

If the bad TDS level increases then it can decrease the effectiveness of chlorine. Moreover, it can irritate the skin and eye of swimmers. If the total dissolved solids in pool water is for higher levels of phosphates and nitrates then it can consume more chlorine and supply nutrients to algae. Therefore it will be allowing algae to bloom simply.

At higher pool TDS, sometimes; the pool water may detect an unpleasant salty taste. Reason, we use many sodium containing chemicals for pool maintenance such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfate. Due to increasing conductivity, at higher TDS level the metal corrosion of pool equipment may occur.

How to Fix TDS Problems in swimming Pool
There is no significant product to reduce the total dissolved solids in pool water. The most common and easiest solution is to drain a portion of pool water and fill up it with the fresh water. How amount of water should to be drain, it depends on the pool TDS level. It may be partially or totally. Always you have to concern about the fresh water TDS level. Moreover it will not affect significantly on your pool water balance. In one word, it will not affect the pH, alkalinity, chlorine level, hardness etc. A regular backwash will help you to prevent from raising the pool TDS too much. Although the common pool filters do not remove the dissolve materials.


Swimming pool pH balance – maintaining pool water pH level

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The swimming pool pH level is one of the most significant factors in pool water balance. The pH is the determination of the acidity or alkalinity of the water. pH means hydrogen ions molar concentration in a solution. It is calculated by the formula –log[H+]. The pH level is measured from 0 to 14, whereas pH 7.0 is neutral. When the pH is below 7.0 then it is called acidic. Conversely, when the pH is above 7.0 it is called alkaline. There are various causes that can change pool water pH level such as heavy rain, chemicals, number of swimmers.

Table of Contents:

Swimming pool pH level

The best pool water pH level is 7.2. Always try to keep the swimming pool pH level minimum 7.0 and maximum 7.6. By keeping within the range you can avoid some problems. The pH of human eyes is varying from 7.2 to 7.4. Moreover pool pH level 7.4 also provides excellent chlorine disinfection.

How to test pool pH
As the high or low pool water pH level can causes many troubles to us. Hence it should be regular checking and adjust the pH according to the result. It is better to check at least every week. If it is not found in ideal ranges then it should be corrected.

TAYLOR TECHNOLOGIES INC K-2006 TEST KIT COMP CHLORINE FAS-DPD

Problems for high pH in pool
There are many problems for high pH in pool water. Some of them are discuss in below.

  • The calcium and carbonates in the pool water combines and form scale on pool surfaces, waterline and accessories. Therefore the sand filter and other elements can lose their efficiency.
  • The pool water turns into cloudy or murky.
  • It can be burning eyes and nose of the swimmers. Moreover, the skin may become dry and itchy.
  • If the swimming pool pH level becomes over 8.0 then the chlorine loses its disinfection potential. Therefore it may increases algae growth or requires more chlorine to act properly.

How to reduce pool pH
Normally, the tendency of pool water pH is increasing, due to chlorination, swimmer’s wastes such as sweat, urine. To reduce pool pH you can be used an acid. The most familiar pool acids are muriatic acid and sodium bisulphate. The muriatic acid means the liquid hydrochloric acid with 30-35% concentration. On the other hand, the sodium bisulphate is a dry acid; it is granule or powder type. You can also use sulfuric acid or nitric acid to reduce pool pH. But they have a drawback. Both of them are highly corrosive. Moreover, sulfuric acid will increases TDS level.
Not use acid directly into the pool water. It is better to use a plastic bucket to mix the acid into the water. It is recommended that never add water into acid, all the time add acid into water.
Swimming pool pH increaser
In The Swim Pool pH Reducer – 60 lb. Pail

Problems for low pH in pool water
The various problems of low pH in pool water are following.

  • The plaster or grouting of the pool can started to decay when the water becomes acidic. Therefore the surface becomes roughness which is suitable for pool algae growth.
  • The metal parts of pool equipment, pipe fittings, pump connections, etc are corrode. Sulphates are formed due to pool walls and metals corrode, which is responsible for ugly brown and black stains.
  • The chlorine is activated and rapid dissipation. Consequently, it loses its disinfectant activities and required multiple dosages.
  • burning eyes and nose
  • dry and itchy skin

Swimming Pool pH increaser
Low pool water pH means more amount of H+ ions. We can increase pH by using pool pH increaser. It is nothing but a base. Generally the active element of swimming pool pH increaser is soda ash (sodium carbonate). It reduces the H+ ions and increases OH– in pool water. Therefore, increases the pH of the water. To increase the pool water pH level 1.0 for a 10000 liters water is required approximately 400 gm of soda ash.
Swimming pool pH reducer balance
In The Swim Pool pH Increaser – 50 lb. Pail

Pool calcium hardness increaser and reducer

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The total mineral that contains in the pool water such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and sodium are responsible for Total hardness. On the other hand, pool calcium hardness means the amount of calcium ions concentration in water express as CaCO3. Both high and low levels of calcium hardness create problems in swimming pool. The perfect level of calcium hardness in pool water is 150-350 ppm. This range is also true for the salt water pool system. The water condition at all state in USA is not same. The water of some areas is very soft whereas some areas are very hard. For example, the calcium hardness in Central Oregon is about 1ppm-5ppm; on the other hand, it is 200ppm-350ppm or higher in Arizona, Southern California, Florida, and Nevada.

Table of Contents:

How to test calcium hardness

It should be routine work to test pool calcium hardness for keeping it at proper levels. Then, you can able to keep your pool, pool water, equipment, even yourself risk free. To test you need a test kit or test strips. It is an occasional test not a regular, because it does not change dramatically. It is better to test twitch a month or one time in a month. If you add other chemicals that contain calcium or adding water into your pool, then it needs more frequent testing.

TAYLOR TECHNOLOGIES INC K-2006 TEST KIT COMP CHLORINE FAS-DPD

Problems for high calcium hardness in pool
If the pool calcium hardness is too high, then you have to face many problems. A scale will be formed on the pool surfaces. It will hamper the plumbing system; scales may form in pipes and filter and they become clogged. As a result the water flow and filtration effectiveness will be reduced. When the amount of hardness too much, then the water turns into dull and cloudy. High calcium levels will also causes sore eyes; irritate Skin and eyes of the swimmers.

Pool Calcium hardness reducer
It is very hard to reducing calcium hardness in pool water. You can reduce it by replacing some portion of pool water with fresh water. But in this case, you have to face others chemical problems as they also drain. So alkalinity, chlorine level, pH etc also affected. The other method is using Pool Calcium hardness reducer which is more effective seems to me. It solves the pool calcium hardness problems; same time does not effect on other chemicals. Prevent it from depositing out. You can also try to reduce calcium hardness in pool water by using zeolite in your sand filter. In addition any resin based water softening filter can also reduce calcium hardness. Otherwise you can consult with pool experts.
Pool Calcium hardness reducer
Doheny’s Calcium Hardness Reducer – 4 Quarts (4-1 Qt. Bottles)

Problems for low calcium hardness in pool water
If the pool calcium hardness is too low, it is also harmful to pool and its equipments. The pool water turns into corrosive. As a result the pool’s surface like plaster becomes pitting and etching. The metal equipment such as pipes, filter, pump will be oxidized and rust rapidly. It can create stains of the pool’s walls and floor.

Pool Calcium hardness increaser
Low calcium hardness can easily be increased by using pool Calcium hardness increaser. Calcium chloride is the popular Calcium hardness increaser. How much calcium chlorides will needs it can be calculated by the analysis of calcium hardness level and amount of water. It is recommended that Calcium Chloride should not mix in a bucket as it is rising temperature. Moreover, should not use all calculated amount of Calcium Chloride at a time. Add half or one third amount for 1st time and circulated the water for 3-4 hours. Test the water and add more if needed. At first it may makes the water cloudy; after for a while it will clear. It may take about four hours.
Pool Calcium hardness increaser
In The Swim Pool Calcium Hardness Increaser – 25 lb. Pail

Calcium hypochlorite is another solution of the pool calcium hardness but it can also increase the chlorine level. If the chlorine level of your pool is lower, then you can easily use it as Calcium hardness increaser.
increase calcium hardness in pool water
Leisure Time CB Calcium Booster, Quart

Chloramines in swimming pools – remove chloramine from water

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Chloramines in swimming pools are the effect of inadequate free chlorine. It is also called combined chlorine. Normally it produces strong odor of chlorine around the swimming pool and the pool water. Chloramine loses to a great extent of chlorine’s disinfect power. It is about 70 times less effective than free chorine. The maximum acceptable level of chloramines is less than 0.5 mg/l. Chloroamine is readily soluble in water.

Chemically there are two composition of chlorine in pool water; free chlorine and combined chlorine. Free chlorine means – the amount of chlorine in the pool that can sanitize the water. On the other hand, combined chlorine – consists of undesirable, bad smelling, irritating compounds.

When chlorine is added into water, it creates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl–). HOCl has a great powerful killing capacity, whereas OCl– is a weak killing capacity. PH is the indicator for determining of these two compounds. The total amount of HOCl and OCl– ion is the measure of free available chlorine. It is the active form of chlorine in the water. In addition, total chlorine means – is the total amount of active chlorine and combined chlorine.

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Chemical formula for chloramine
Nitrogen compounds react with active chlorine (hypochlorous acid – HOCl) produces chloramines in swimming pools. The Chloramines may be two types inorganic or organic Chloramines.
monochloramine : HOCl + NH3 → NH2Cl + H2O
NH3 + OCl– → NH2Cl + HO–

dichloramine: NH2Cl + NH3 → NHCl2 + H2O

trichloramine: NHCl2 + NH3 → NCl3 + H2O

The chemical formula for organic chloramines is R2NCl and RNCl2. Where R is represent an organic group.

Introducing nitrogen compounds
The nitrogen is most commonly introduced into the pool water as ammonia in the form of sweat and urine of swimmers and bathers. Nitrogen compounds can also introduced into the pool water by rain, oils. Moreover, some pool water chemicals contain nitrogen compounds and phosphates. All these are responsible for increasing chloramines in swimming pools.

Chloramine test
There is no direct chloramine test strips to test the Combined chlorine. Combined chlorine (chloramines) is calculated indirectly by testing free chlorine and total chlorine. We know that total chlorine is equal to the combination of free chlorine and Combined chlorine. Hence, combined chlorine is the difference between free Chlorine reading and the total Chlorine reading.
combined chlorine = total chlorine – free chlorine
You can buy different free Chlorine and total Chlorine test strips or reagents in many market places such as Amazon. Normally, total chlorine test kits are marked “OTO” in the reagent bottle.

Chloramines side effects
If the combined chlorine too high in pool water then the smell of chlorine spread around the swimming pool. It has many side effects. Some physical Chloramines side effects are red burning eyes, burning sensation in nose, bleeding lips, dry mouth and throat, dry itchy skin and hair, aggravate eczema and psoriasis. It can also cause breathing difficulty especial to young children swimmers and asthma patients. Moreover, chloramines can damages digestive mucosa, worsen gastric cancer, liver or kidney disease and may discolor the pool.

How to remove chloramine from water

Chloramines generate characteristic smell in the around swimming pool and pool water. So, how to remove chloramine from water? – To remove chloramine from water can be used different chlorine or non chlorine shocks. These socks destroy the ammonia and organic compounds that combine with chlorine and make chloramines in swimming pools.

The following methods can be used to remove chloramine from water:
Super chlorination: Add over dosages of chlorine so that the level rise up 6 to 10 ppm and allowed to keep for 4-5 hours. If the dosage is not properly maintained then it is possible to produce more chloramines in swimming pools. At this time it is forbidden to use swimming pool; use pool water after dropping the chlorine level below 3 ppm.
remove chloramine from water
In The Swim Chlorine Pool Shock – 24 X 1 lb. bags

Non chlorine shock: You can use non chlorine shock to remove chloramine from water. As a non chlorine shock most favorite chemical is potassium peroxymonosulfate and Hydrogen peroxide.
Chloramines in swimming pools
Leisure Time RENU2 Renew Non-Chlorine Shock

Ozone generator: You can also install ozone generator to remove chloramine from water of swimming pool. Ozone continuously removes chloramines in swimming pools by oxidizing ammonia and nitrogen compounds.

UV light: Recent studies on pool water suggest that ultra violet (UV) light systems can reduce chloramines concentrations significantly from pool water. In addition it has also disinfection activities; it may inactivate anti-chlorine micro-organisms such as parasitic protozoans and Giardia lamblia.

You can minimize the creation of chloramines by Showering before swimming.

The indoor swimming pool should be keep proper ventilation systems. A ventilation system desires to be well designed.

Chloramines producing ammonia can also be removed from pool water by adding granulated activated carbon, zeolite or volcanic ash into the filters.

Chloramines in swimming pools can also be minimizing by diluting with fresh water. It is recommended that the fresh water must be containing less concentrated of chloramines.

In The Swim Chlorine-Free Pool Shock – 12 x 1 lb. bags

Types of pool chlorine – choose best one for pool water

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Chlorine is a sanitizing chemical of water. It helps to keep pool water clean, as well as reducing and preventing algae growth and other unwanted water troubles. There are several types of pool chlorine such as gaseous, liquid chlorine, tablet chlorine, granular chlorine and powdered chlorine. You can discover here about the different types of pool chlorine to keep your pool water clean and safe all through the year.

Table of Contents:

Gaseous chlorine
At molecular state chlorine is a gas. It is very cheap among the different types of pool chlorine and can be available for swimming pool water sanitation. In this form, the available chlorine percentage is very high. But it has some restriction, it is extremely dangerous to use. The gas is acidic, so needs a lot of additional base to maintaining pH level. Therefore, the use of it is very rare.

Swimming pool liquid chlorine

Swimming pool liquid chlorine
In The Swim Instant Liquid Chlorine for Swimming Pools – 4 x 1.07 Pound Bottles

Liquid chlorine is one of the common chlorine that is used in pool as a sanitizer. A lot of larger swimming pools use this to get economic advantage. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most common swimming pool liquid chlorine. Chemically, it is identical to bleach. The available chlorine is 10 – 15%. It is produced by passing chlorine gas through a solution of caustic soda. Although the liquid can be discharged directly into the pool water but it is recommended to use with a diaphragm pump or a peristaltic pump. Chlorine pump can helps to the pool operator to control the flow rate of the water. The drawbacks of this type chlorine is that It’s not stabilized, similar to pool chlorine tablets, therefore it is needs more cyanuric acid to shield the chlorine from the sunlight. Moreover, the pH level is high, approximately 13. Hence needs extra lot of acid to lower the pH level. It is not suitable for residential pools because of limited availability, corrosive and dangerous to handling. Florida is the most common state for pool liquid chlorine market and is sold in a 4×1 gal pack.

Swimming pool chlorine tablets

Tablets are other types of pool chlorine that is used in large or small pools. The most common chemical in tablet is Trichloro-s-triazinetrione. Last few years, a great amount of chlorine is used in pool water as in this form. This organic compound is produced by the reaction of cyanuric acid and chlorine gas. The available chlorine of this compound is about 90%. The pH level of this type of swimming pool chlorine tablets is low almost 3, hence it is required to add some base to maintain pH level.

This swimming pool water kits is preferred more than pool liquid chlorine. The swimming pool chlorine tablets are dissolved slowly hence they are suitable for floaters, feeders or skimmer. It is very easy and effective to apply and provide more exact results but expensive. As the swimming pool chlorine tablets can stain and etch plaster, corrosive to equipment and deteriorate vinyl, then it is not wise decision to thrown directly into the pool water.
Swimming pool chlorine tablets
In The Swim 3 Inch Pool Chlorine Tablets 50 lbs.

Granular pool chlorine
Granular chlorine is another type of pool chlorine. There are different types of Granular pool chlorine such as:

Dichloro-s-triazinetrione
Dichloro-s-triazinetrione is one of the granular pool chlorine. The available chlorine of this compound is about 62%. This granular pool chlorine dissolves fast and works accurately on contaminants. The pH level of this compound is almost 7. It is a stabilized form of granular chlorine because it consists of cyanuric acid. It can be apply as normal sanitation or as a shock. The disadvantage of it is highly expensive depends on available chlorine.

Lithium Hypochlorite
Lithium Hypochlorite is another type of granular pool chlorine. The available chlorine of this compound is about 35%. As like Dichloro-s-triazinetrione it is also very costly product. The pH level is almost 11, so needs additional acid to adjust pH level of the pool water. The main advantages of this granular pool chlorine are that it does not increase the pool hardness non-flammable, dust free, safe for vinyl liner pools and dissolves extremely fast. It can be applied as shock or for regular chlorination.

Calcium Hypochlorite
The most common type of granular pool chlorine is Calcium Hypochlorite. Moreover it can be also purchased as tablet form. The available chlorine of this compound is about 65%. The pH level is almost 12, so needs additional acid to adjust pH level of the pool water. The main advantages of this granular pool chlorine are that it is low price, has a rapid demolish rate against algae and chloramines, and dissolve more rapidly than the larger granules. For this reason, Calcium Hypochlorite is very popular and commonly used as shock treatment throughout the country. The main problem is that it is increase hardness level, very dusty and becomes contaminated easily by foreign substances which can cause combustion. Moreover it is un-stabilized.
pool chlorine shock
In The Swim Chlorine Pool Shock – 24 X 1 lb. bags

Powdered Chlorine
Powdered chlorine is another type of pool chlorine; it is also known as powered shock. It is generally used when pool water needs an intense duty cleaning. Normally have to use it on a monthly basis.

Summary
Slow dissolving and slow reacting chlorine is suitable for everyday chlorination of small or large pools, so pool chlorine tablets or sticks is best for in this case. Moreover, it is easy and risk-free to store and handle. Due to rapid dissolve character, granular chlorine is appropriate so as to shock the pool. Pool liquid chlorine is suitable for larger swimming pools. In case of Vinyl liner pools, it is recommended to dissolve pool shock before adding to avoid bleaching the liner; or apply Lithium pool shock. It is unsafe to mix different types of chlorine. Especially granular pool chlorine is dangerous to mix with other chemicals such as algaecide, antifreeze, soda pop, so carefully handle and store.

Leisure Time RENU2 Renew Non-Chlorine Shock