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Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater

July 26, 2022July 26, 2022 Tasrik Leave a comment

Did you know that wastewater can contain high levels of phosphorus? This is a problem because phosphorus is a major pollutant that can cause all sorts of environmental problems. In this article, we will discuss how to remove phosphorus from wastewater using various methods. We will also explore the benefits of phosphorus removal and some of the challenges associated with it. Stay tuned for more information!

What is the source of phosphorus in water?

There are many sources of phosphorus in water, both natural and man-made. Phosphorus is a naturally occurring element that is found in rocks and minerals. It is also found in soil, sewage, animal waste, and other waste products.

Man-made sources of phosphorus include detergents, cleaners, fertilizers, and food processing wastes. When these products are used or disposed of, they can release phosphorus into the environment.

This pollutant can cause serious environmental problems, such as algal blooms and eutrophication.

Level of phosphorus in wastewater

The level of phosphorus in wastewater can vary depending on the source. For example, households that use septic tanks tend to have higher levels of phosphorus in their wastewater than those that are connected to a municipal sewer system. In addition, factories and other businesses that generate large amounts of wastewater can also contribute significantly to the phosphorus load in a waterway.

The amount of phosphorus in wastewater can also vary depending on the season. For example, during the spring and summer months, when there is more rainfall, the level of phosphorus in a waterway can be higher than during the fall and winter. This is because rainwater can wash phosphorus-containing pollutants from the land into waterways.

What is the problem with high phosphorus levels in wastewater?

High phosphorus levels in wastewater can cause a number of environmental problems. For one, phosphorus is a major pollutant that can lead to the eutrophication of waterways. This means that it encourages the growth of algae and other aquatic plants, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water and lead to the death of fish and other aquatic creatures. In addition, phosphorus can also cause problems with drinking water supplies, as it can lead to the formation of harmful algal blooms.

Can high phosphorus damage kidneys?

Excess phosphorus in the body can cause serious health problems, such as kidney damage. In fact, high phosphorus levels are one of the leading causes of kidney failure. That’s why it’s so important to remove phosphorus from wastewater before it is released into the environment.

Removal process

In wastewater, it may contain high levels of phosphorus. However, this is not a big problem because there are many methods to remove phosphorus from wastewater. Some of the methods are describe below.

Chemical precipitation method

One of the most common methods of phosphorus removal is chemical precipitation. This process involves adding chemicals to the wastewater that will bind with the phosphorus and remove it from the water. Chemical precipitation is often used in combination with other methods, such as filtration or activated sludge, to achieve higher levels of removal. This process is typically used in small treatment plants where there is not a lot of wastewater to be treated.

There are a few chemicals that can be added to the wastewater in order to remove phosphorus. One of the most common is aluminum sulfate, also known as alum. Alum works by binding with phosphorus particles in the water and forming a precipitate that can then be removed via filtration. Other chemicals that can be used for phosphorus removal include ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and calcium hydroxide.

In order to select the most effective chemical for phosphorus removal, it is important to consider the type of wastewater being treated. For example, alum is not effective in removing phosphorus from highly alkaline wastewaters. In these cases, another chemical such as ferric chloride may be a better choice. It is also important to consider the cost of the chemical, as some chemicals can be quite expensive.

The biological phosphorus removal process

One method of phosphorus removal from wastewater is called biological phosphorus removal. This process uses microorganisms to remove phosphorus from the water. The microorganisms consume phosphorus and convert it into a form that is not harmful to the environment. This process is typically used in large treatment plants where there is a lot of wastewater to be treated.

The activated sludge method is a biological process. This process uses bacteria to break down the phosphorus molecules. This method is effective, but it can be expensive and it may require special equipment.

Adsorption method

The last method of phosphorus removal is called adsorption. This process uses materials to adsorb the phosphorus from the water. The materials can be either natural or synthetic. The most common material used for adsorption is activated carbon. This process is typically used in small treatment plants where there is not a lot of wastewater to be treated. Adsorption is often used in combination with other methods, such as chemical precipitation, to achieve higher levels of removal.

Reverse osmosis

The fourth method of removing phosphorus from wastewater is called reverse osmosis. This process uses a membrane to filter out phosphorus molecules. This method is effective, but it can be expensive and it may require special equipment.

Ion exchange

Ion exchange is a process that uses ion-exchange resins to remove dissolved contaminants from water. This process can be used to remove phosphate from water by exchanging the phosphate ions for other ions, such as sodium or calcium.

These are just a few of the methods that can be used to remove phosphorus from wastewater. All of these methods are effective at removing phosphorus from wastewater. The best method to use will depend on the amount of wastewater to be treated and the type of treatment plant.

Benefits of removing phosphorus from wastewater

The benefits of removing phosphorus from wastewater are many. Phosphorus removal can help to reduce eutrophication, improve water quality, and protect sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, phosphorus removal can help to reduce the costs associated with wastewater treatment.

Conclusion| Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater

There are also some challenges associated with phosphorus removal. One of the biggest challenges is the high cost of some of the methods used to remove phosphorus. Additionally, some methods of phosphorus removal can generate large volumes of waste material that must be disposed of properly. Despite the challenges, phosphorus removal from wastewater is an important process that can have many benefits. If you are interested in learning more about this topic, be sure to check out our other articles on wastewater treatment! Thanks for reading!

Hydrogen Sulfide in Water: Sources, Tests, Effects, Removal

July 2, 2022July 1, 2022 Tasrik Leave a comment

Did you know that hydrogen sulfide can be found in water? In fact, it’s quite common! This gas has some rather unique properties and can be a major health hazard if not dealt with properly. In this article, we will discuss the properties of hydrogen sulfide in water, as well as the various sources and test methods. We will also look at the dangers of this gas, and how to remove it from water systems. Stay safe!

What is hydrogen sulfide and where does it come from?

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas that is naturally present in water. It’s a colorless and flammable gas. It has a strong, unpleasant odor that is often described as smelling like rotten eggs. This gas is soluble in water, so it can easily end up in groundwater or surface water.

This gas is produced when sulfur-containing minerals decompose in the presence of water and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Hydrogen sulfide can also come from human activity, like sewage treatment plants or livestock operations. It can also be released into the air when fossil fuels are burned.

What are the health risks associated with hydrogen sulfide gas in water supplies?

Exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas can cause a number of health problems, including headaches, dizziness, nausea, coughing, and difficulty breathing. In high concentrations, hydrogen sulfide gas can be fatal. Usually, it is not a health risk at concentrations present in household water. If you suspect that your water supply is contaminated with hydrogen sulfide gas, it’s important to contact a professional immediately.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.05 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of water for hydrogen sulfide. This is the level at which water is considered safe for human consumption.

Effects on plumbing

If you have hydrogen sulfide in your water, it can cause some serious problems with your plumbing. The gas can corrode metals, and it will also speed up the deterioration of rubber and plastic. This can lead to expensive repairs or even the replacement of your entire plumbing system. It can cause black stains on plumbing fixtures.

Test methods of hydrogen sulfide in water

There are several methods that can be used to test for hydrogen sulfide in water. The most common method is the use of an oxygen sensor. This method measures the amount of oxygen in the water and uses this information to calculate the level of hydrogen sulfide present. Other methods include the use of a colorimetric test kit or the use of an ion-selective electrode.

The most common methods include colorimetric, titrimetric, and iodometric methods.

The most obvious way is by the water’s odor. If your water smells like rotten eggs, then it likely contains hydrogen sulfide.

Other ways to test for the presence of this gas include using a match or lighter. If you hold a lit match near your water sample and it makes a “popping” sound, then there’s a good chance your water is contaminated with hydrogen sulfide.

When testing for hydrogen sulfide, you might notice a change in color in your test sample. This is because the gas reacts with iron to form iron sulfide, which is black.

Industrial Test Systems 481167 WaterWorks Hydrogen Sulfide Water Test Strips

If you suspect that your water may be contaminated with hydrogen sulfide, it’s important to have it tested by a certified laboratory.

How can you reduce the amount of hydrogen sulfide in your water supply?

Once the levels of hydrogen sulfide have been determined, there are a number of treatment options available. The most common methods include aeration, chlorination, and ultraviolet disinfection. There are a few ways to do this:

Filter-Mate Odor Neutralizer, Remove Sulfur

-Install an oxidation unit: The most common way to remove hydrogen sulfide from water is by using a chemical oxidizer like chlorine or potassium permanganate. This will help to break down the hydrogen sulfide molecules into less harmful substances.

-Make sure your water is well aerated: This means adding air to the water, which will help to dissipate the gas.

-Use a reverse osmosis system: Another option is the use of a reverse osmosis system. This system will remove all impurities from your water, including hydrogen sulfide.

-Add a water softener: This will help to bind the hydrogen sulfide molecules to the softener, making them less harmful.

-Use an activated carbon filter: This will absorb the hydrogen sulfide from your water. This type of filter can effectively remove hydrogen sulfide from your water, and will also improve the taste and smell of your water.

APEC Water Systems Iron and Hydrogen Sulfide Reduction — APEC Water Systems FI-KDF85-10BB US Made Iron and Hydrogen Sulfide Reduction

Among these systems, it is important to choose a method that is safe and effective.

What are some common myths about hydrogen sulfide gas in water supplies?

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas that is naturally present in water. It is produced by the decomposition of organic matter and is often found in areas with high levels of sulfur. This gas has a strong odor and can be very dangerous if inhaled. Symptoms of hydrogen sulfide poisoning include headaches, dizziness, nausea, and respiratory problems. If you think you may have been exposed to this gas, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

Conclusion| Hydrogen Sulfide in Water

In conclusion, This gas can be very dangerous if inhaled, so it is important to take proper precautions. If you have any further questions about hydrogen sulfide in water, please feel free to contact us. If you think you may have been exposed to this gas, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Do you have any questions about hydrogen sulfide in water? Leave them in the comments and we’ll do our best to answer them! Thank you for reading! Stay safe!

Calmat electronic water treatment system

June 20, 2022June 20, 2022 Tasrik Leave a comment

Do you have hard water? If so, you need to read this article! Hard water is caused by high levels of dissolved minerals, such as magnesium and calcium. It can cause all sorts of problems for your home, including scaling and corrosion. It leaves spots on your dishes and makes your skin feel dry. The good news is that there is a solution: the Calmat electronic water treatment system! In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about this amazing system. We will talk about how it works, the benefits it provides, and more!

What is the calmat electronic water treatment system and how does it work

The Calmat electronic water treatment system is a device that is installed on your home’s water supply line. The device generates dynamic high-frequency electronic impulses that are controlled by a computerized micro-chip. The system transmits the electronic impulses into the water that changes the physical characteristics of the particles. Therefore the particles lose their adhesive power and cannot stick to surfaces anymore. They and washed away with the water as a fine powder. This prevents build-up on fixtures and pipes, and helps to extend the life of your appliances. Additionally, the Calmat can help to improve the efficiency of your appliances by up to 30%. It does not use any chemicals or salt. It is an eco-friendly water treatment system.

Benefits of using the calmat electronic water treatment system

If you’re looking for a way to improve the quality of your home’s water, the Calmat electronic water treatment system is a great option. This system can remove dissolved minerals from your water, which will lead to a number of benefits for your home, including improved appliance efficiency, less build-up on fixtures and pipes, and protection from corrosion. Here are just a few of the benefits you’ll enjoy when you use the Calmat system:

-Improved appliance efficiency: If you have hard water, your appliances have to work harder to function properly. This can lead to decreased efficiency and higher energy bills. However, when you use the Calmat system, your appliances will be able to operate more efficiently thanks to the softened water.

-Less build-up on fixtures and pipes: Over time, the minerals in hard water can cause a build-up on fixtures and pipes. This can lead to decreased water flow and eventually require expensive repairs. However, with the Calmat system in place, you won’t have to worry about this build-up occurring. The Calmat system produces tiny amounts of carbonic acid in the water which slowly reduces existing lime scale and rust deposits.

-Protection from corrosion: The high levels of dissolved minerals in hard water can also lead to corrosion, which can damage your pipes and fixtures. However, the Calmat system will help to protect your home from this type of damage.

-Eco-friendly: The Calmat system does not use any chemicals or salts. It also does not release anything into our water supply systems and the environment.

-The scale is responsible for the reproduction of bacteria. As the Calmat reduces the scale then the bacteria breeding ground is also reduced.

-Dishwashers & washing machines: The system reduces the use of dishwashers and detergent. It also extends the life of the machine’s heating element. It will make your skin and hair feel softer.

Parts of calmat electronic water treatment system

The calmat electronic water treatment system contains the following components:-

Display
Program switch
Control light
Socket
Power adapter
Two isolated copper Impulse cables
8x cable binders
Instruction manual
1 warranty card
Electronic unit

How to install the calmat electronic water treatment system

Installing the Calmat electronic water treatment system is very easy! It does not require any tools or plumbing. It will not take more than half an hour if you have an electric socket near your main water line. Simply follow these steps:

First, locate the main water supply line to your home. This is usually located in the basement or utility room.
Remove all the obstacles such as insulating materials, casing, etc.
Next, Place the electronic unit of the Calmat system on the main water pipe and fix it with the cable ties.
Now, insert the red impulse cable in the left socket and twist it tightly and firmly around the pipe to create a coil. Place the second black impulse cable by the repeated process.
Connect the adaptor with the electronic unit with the socket on the left side of the device. Turn on the system and check if the green control light illuminate.
Finally, Set up the program: Please choose your language with the upper button. Then press the button (P) to input the pipe material and pipe diameter. You’re all set! The Calmat system will now begin to treat your water, providing you with soft, clean water for your home.

The electronic control unit can be attached directly on to the pipe. This can be done either horizontally, vertically and even upside down. It may also be mounted on the wall or beam if there is not enough room. The only thing that is required is for the two impulse cables to be wrapped on the pipe tight and neatly.

Write pros and cons of Calmat Electronic Water Treatment System

Pros

Calmat electronic water treatment systems change the way minerals interact with water, rather than removing them from the water altogether. This means that they can be more effective at preventing hard water buildup and protecting your appliances from damage.
A quality product made in Germany since 1948
Suitable for all pipe materials.
Faster cleaning of kitchen and bathrooms.
5-Year Warranty – An international warranty is granted for all Calmat units worldwide.
Calmat systems are virtually maintenance-free, meaning you won’t have to regularly add salt or perform other upkeep tasks.

Cons

Because they change the way minerals interact with water, Calmat systems can sometimes cause a slight drop in water pressure.
Con: Some people prefer the taste of water that has been treated with a water softener system, rather than an electronic system.
It may take time to show full effects to see the desired results.
It does not work over 1.50 inches diameter pipe.

Calmat vs water softener

If you’re considering an electronic water treatment system for your home, you may be wondering how it stacks up against other options, like water softener systems. Both types of systems have their pros and cons, but here are a few key differences to keep in mind:

– Water softener systems remove minerals from the water, while electronic water treatment systems change the way minerals interact with water.

– It can cause a slight drop in water pressure, while electronic water treatment systems have no effect on water pressure.

– Water softener systems need to be regularly maintained, while electronic water treatment systems are virtually maintenance-free.

-If the water contains a high level of water hardness then the best choice is a water softener.

So, which type of system is right for you? Ultimately, it depends on your needs and preferences. If you’re looking for a low-maintenance solution that won’t affect water pressure, an electronic water treatment system may be the way to go. On the other hand, if you’re willing to trade off a little bit of maintenance for better mineral removal, a water softener system may be a better choice.

Conclusion| Calmat Electronic Water Treatment System

If you’re considering an electronic water treatment system for your home, the Calmat is a great option to consider. It’s virtually maintenance-free and won’t affect water pressure, but it can be more effective at preventing hard water buildup than other systems. Ultimately, it depends on your needs and preferences as to which type of system is right for you, but the Calmat is a great option to keep in mind.

FAQs

Q: What is the calmat electronic water treatment system?

A: The Calmat electronic water treatment system is a device that is installed on your home’s main water line. It works by sending electrical pulses through the pipe, which breaks down the minerals that cause hard water.

Q: What type of pipe material is suitable for Calmat electronic water treatment system?

A: The Calmat electronic water treatment system is suitable for all types of pipe materials such as iron, copper, steel, plastic, PVC, lead, PE, PP compound pipes, etc.

Q: Which voltage ranges are suitable for the system?

A: The Calmat electronic water treatment system power supply units are suitable for the voltage ranges from 100 V to 240 V and 50 Hz – 60 Hz.

Q: Are there any drawbacks to the calmat electronic water treatment system?

A: The only potential drawback to the Calmat electronic water treatment system is that it requires professional installation. However, this is typically not a problem for most homeowners.

Q: What is the country of origin?

A: Quality made in Germany since 1948, sold in over 50 countries worldwide.

Digital TDS Meter – Measuring Total Dissolved Solids

April 15, 2021April 16, 2021 Tasrik Leave a comment

A Digital TDS meter is a hand-held instrument that used to indicate the Total Dissolved Solids in a water solution. It works based on the electrical conductivity of the water. When the dissolved ions increase then the conductivity of a solution increases. Normally, the TDS value represents as ppm. A TDS meter does not measure all kinds of contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, or hexavalent chromium. Because these compounds are not ionic compounds.

What is TDS

TDS stands for Total Dissolved Solids and represents the total amount of the soluble substances that are dissolved in the water. It can be organic or inorganic matter. Ingredients usually dissolved in water are calcium, manganese, sodium, potassium, copper, iron, other trace metals, chlorides, sulfates, dissolved dust, fertilizers, and all chemical treatment. These materials are entered into the water in different ways. These can be human activities or natural sources. The groundwater is normally hard water. On the other hand, although the rainwater is soft water, it travels through the soil and rocks, so it dissolves small amounts of minerals like calcium and magnesium salts and retains the solution. Moreover, we use fertilizer on the land, different chemicals in many industries. These chemicals also mix with the water in different ways. The lower TDS level indicates the water is soft whereas the higher TDS level indicates hard water.

Why should you measure total dissolved solids?

TDS is a parameter of water quality. A high concentration of TDS can produce hard water and it may cause some problems. Usually, a high TDS level is not a health hazard, but it is an indicator that the water may have present harmful contaminants, such as lead, copper, manganese, arsenic, etc. Although A specific amount of magnesium and calcium, are beneficial to our health. Moreover, it may improve the taste of water. The pure water is absent of taste, odor, and color, but high TDS water could be bitter, salty, bad odor, and colored. According to EPA water standards Canadian guidelines, the maximum acceptable level of TDS for drinking water is 500 ppm. But the TDS level over 1000 ppm probably unfit for human consumption. Increased level of dissolved solids can also have some technical problems such as boiler maintenance, filter maintenance, Plumbing and appliances, pool maintenance, cooking, cleaning, stain household fixtures, etc.

Digital TDS meters have been made depending on the electrical conductivity of the sample water. The electrical conductivity of pure water is zero. The electrical conductivity increases with the increase of the amount of Dissolved ions. There are many TDS meters available in the market. Therefore, some factors such as the price of TDS meter, used technology, battery saving features need to be carefully considered when purchasing a TDS meter. Following are some good quality Digital TDS meters.

1. HM Digital TDS-3 Handheld Digital TDS Meter With Carrying Case

The HM Digital TDS-3 Handheld TDS Meter is Ideal for commercial use. It comes with a Carrying Case with Belt Clip and a user’s guide. It uses Advanced Microprocessor Technology, so you will get Highly Efficient and Accurate result. It can Saves Measurements for Convenient Reading and Recording. It has a Built-in Digital Thermometer that can Measure 0/80 Degrees Celsius. It contains two LR44 batteries and LCD Screen. The LR44 batteries are available in the local market and amazon, so you can buy them if necessary. The meter is Factory Calibrated with a 342 ppm NaCl solution. which is not included. You can buy this from HM Digital. The Measuring Range of this TDS is 0-9990. It is Better than HM Digital TDS-4.

Pros

Includes a Carrying Case
Easy to use
It has a Built-in Digital Thermometer
uses Advanced Microprocessor Technology
It comes with a warranty.
Quick results

Cons

not included Calibrated solution
Average quality

2. Water Quality Tester, Accurate and Reliable, HoneForest TDS Meter, EC Meter & Temperature Meter 3 in 1

The HoneForest TDS Meter is accurate and reliable and easy to use. It measures TDS, EC, and Temperature 3 in 1. It is ideal for drinking water, aquarium, hydroponics(test nutrients), Aquaculture, pool and spa, water treatment, and more. They offer 3 years warranty. It uses Advanced Microprocessor Technology. It has an auto-lock function to conserve battery. It comes with A colorful TDS chart on the back to explain ppm readings, a protective carrying case with belt clip, and a HoneForest Instruction. The Measuring Range of this Digital TDS meter; TDS: 0 – 9990 ppm, Conductivity: 0 – 9990 µs/cm, Degrees Celsius: 0.1 – 50.0°C. The meter is Factory Calibrated and they also said that no need for further calibration.

Pros

Includes a Carrying Case
Easy to use
It has a Built-in Digital Thermometer to measure 0.1 – 50.0°C
Low price

Cons

not included Calibrated solution
Average quality

3. HM Digital AP-1 AquaPro Water Quality Total Dissolved Solids Tester

HM Digital AP-1 is great for checking the drinking water quality, water filtration and purification, hydroponics, colloidal silver, aquariums, RO/DI systems, pools and spas, and more. It has an Automatic Temperature Compensation that can Measure 0/80 Degrees Celsius and an easy-to-read LCD screen. It contains one CR2032 3v battery. The meter is Factory Calibrated with a 342 ppm NaCl solution. The Measuring Range of this TDS is 0-5000 ppm. It is durable, consistent, and worthy of purchase. You must store the meter in the fridge after use it.

Pros

Easy to use
It has an Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC)
Water-resistant housing
Auto-off function
Data-hold function

Cons

not included Calibrated solution
slightly costly compared to the other products

4. KETOTEK Water Quality Test Meter, PH Meter TDS Meter 2 in 1 Kit

KETOTEK Digital TDS meter and has to function of Auto-off, it will automatically shut off with inactivity to save the battery’s life. It is easy to use, just need to press “ON/OFF” to open and use it, and just need to press “ON/OFF” to close it. It has an Automatic Temperature Compensation that can Measure 0/80 Degrees Celsius. It has a measurement range of 0-9990ppm and ±2% accuracy.

Conclusion

The Digital TDS meter cannot indicate the types of or the total amount of contamination. It will not tell us if the water is healthy or not. It can indicate to us the water may be suitable for drinking or it may be contaminated with harmful chemicals. Thus we can take our next steps.

LifeStraw Personal Water Filter for Hiking

March 1, 2021February 27, 2021 Tasrik Leave a comment

Lifestraw personal water filter is an emergency kit for hiking, outdoor activities, camping, traveling, and survival. You should remember that many waterborne diseases can ruin your camping trip. Bacteria and protozoa are responsible for most of these waterborne diseases. This filter can remove 99.9% of waterborne bacteria, 99.9% of waterborne protozoan parasites, and filters up to 0.2 microns particles; which exceed EPA filter standards. It is very lightweight only 0.1 pounds. The filter is nine inches long and about 1 inch wide, so you can carry it easily through your bag. It is very durable and you can pack it anywhere. It can filter up to 1,000 gallons (4,000 liters) of contaminated water. It does not require any batteries, no pumping, and has no moving parts. The drawback is it cannot removes chemicals, pesticides. It is made of plastic.

LifeStraw Personal Water Filter for Hiking

How does lifestraw work

Lifestraw personal water filter is made of hollow fiber membranes. It has microscopic pores of 0.2 microns in size. So, it can remove all the microorganisms and particles that are 0.2 microns or larger sizes. Almost all the bacteria, parasites are 0.2 microns or larger sizes. Dirty water enters on one side then the bacteria, protozoan parasites, dirt, silt, sand, and microplastics are trapped in the filter. Only clean water passes through it. Although the viruses are too small to pass the microfilter they survive only inside larger host organisms, therefore the filter would capture them.

Microfiltration cannot remove chemicals including traces of heavy metals, fertilizer, pesticides. So this filter is not effective in industrial and farmland areas. Moreover, you have to avoid the water bodies where it may contaminants by human waste or sewage. In farmland areas, water bodies may have contaminant by fertilizer, pesticides. The Lifestraw personal water filter is also not effective for saline water. It is always good to know what is upstream.

How to use your LifeStraw filter

Go near the water source then get down and opening the bottom cap of the LifeStraw personal water filter. Then, simply place it into unfiltered water for 20 seconds and suck clean water through the top of the straw or, you can fill your water bottle and insert the filter to start sipping. To keep the filter clean and prevent it from clogging, regularly blow air through the LifeStraw water filter after drinking. Close both of the caps when it is not in use. This filter has no replacements; once you reach the 4000 liters of water, it will clog automatically and you would throw it away.

Pros

Filters out most water-borne microorganisms
Very easy to use and low price
Easily carry

Cons

It is not ideal for large groups
The filtrate water cannot be stored
No replaceable part or lack of reparability
Cannot remove chemicals including traces of heavy metals, fertilizer, pesticides

Conclusion

The Lifestraw personal water filter is suitable for one person for hiking, outdoor activities, camping, traveling, and survival. It doesn’t have a storage system, but you get the filtrate water instantly. It is a great option for emergency use but you have to remember it is useful for the water that is not contaminant by chemical, human waste, sewage, or saline.

Iron Related Bacteria Test – Hach Test

October 9, 2020October 10, 2020 Tasrik Leave a comment

BART (Biological Activity Reaction Test) is one of the most common iron related bacteria test. This Hach Company kit includes 9 tests. When IRB present in the sample, then a series of reaction occurs with IRB and nutrients ingredients in the inner tube. The change to red color of the water indicates a presence of bacteria within that sample. The IRB-BARTs can detect both iron oxidizing and iron reducing bacteria.

What are Iron Related Bacteria

Iron related bacteria are microorganisms that can use iron in their metabolism. Generally they are found in surface water and soil but they can also found in well water. The Common iron related bacteria are iron oxidizing bacteria, iron reducing bacteria gallionella, sheathed iron bacteria, pseudomonads and enteric bacteria. Among them the iron oxidizing and iron reducing bacteria are most important. These bacteria are usually found in waters having relatively high concentrations of iron and manganese in the water.

What are the effects of iron bacteria?

Iron related bacteria usually change the color of the water to red, brown or orange or stain on fixtures. The IRB are responsible for slim production, creating corrosion, clogging, fouling, and hygiene risk. Besides they can also create unpleasant tastes and odor which are more noticeable in the water that is not used for long time. Normally Iron bacteria are not hazard to health but some cases they cause problems. During drilling and handling the well and groundwater may contaminant with IRB so we have to carefully handle it. It don’t create hydrogen sulfide, the “rotten egg” smell.

Method of Iron Related Bacteria Test

1. Sample collection: This IRB BART contains two tube – inner tube and outer tube. To collect the sample water, firstly open the outer tube cap and remove the inner tube from the outer tube. Then collect at least 20 ml of sample water by using the outer tube. During sample collection do not touch the inside of the tube. Moreover, the outer side of the sample source should be cleaned so that bacteria cannot enter the sample from outside.

2. Now open the inner tube cap and keep on a clean surface so that the cap does not contaminant. It should be remember that IRB primarily grows on the pipes. Fill the inner tube with the collected sample water up to mark which is 15 ml. The inner tube contains nutrients ball to grow IRB.

3. Then close the inner tube cap tightly. Discard the unused sample in the outer tube and return the inner tube into the empty outer tube. Then screw the outer tube cap tightly. Allow the ball to float to the top with no help. After placing the sample do not shake or swirl the tube.

4. Label the outer IRB test tube with the date and sample name.

5. Place the IRB test tube away from direct sunlight and allow incubating at room temperature for eight days (if necessary). Check the BART visually for reaction daily.

6. Foam or a brown slime ring around the ball and on the bottom of the sample tube will indicate the sample contains iron related bacteria. Whereas the absence of foam or brown slime will indicates the sample has no iron related bacteria.

7. Estimate bacteria population: When the iron related bacteria test result is positive then come in the question, how many the bacteria in the water sample? By observing how many days brown slime is formed we can make an estimate of the bacterial population. When the bacteria population is high, then a faster reaction is occurred. We can determine the amount of bacteria by the following table. If the IRB is higher, then you can consider a fecal coliform test.

Days to reaction	Approximate IRB population (cfu/ml)	Aggressivity
1	540,000	Very high
2	140,000	High
3	35,000	High
4	9,000	Moderate
5	2,300	Moderate
6	500	Moderate
7	150	Moderate
8	25	Low

8. Dominant bacteria:

If the iron related bacteria test result is positive then we have to examine the type of dominant bacteria. With the color comparison of the IRB test tube we can determine the dominant bacteria type in the sample water. If the sample tube water is red color and cloudy then the dominant bacteria is enteric while it is black then the dominant bacteria type is pseudomonad’s and enteric.

Total coliform bacteria test – LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit

September 4, 2020September 4, 2020 Tasrik Leave a comment

Total coliform bacteria test is an easy method with The LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit. It Contains 5 disposable tubes and a water sample bag. Each of the tube contains a nutrients tablet that supports the growth of coliform bacteria, a gelling substance, and a pH indicator. If the coliform bacteria are present in the water sample then the bacteria metabolizing the nutrients in the tablet and generated gas. This gas will get stuck in the gelling substance and the gel will rise in the tube. The pH indicator will change the color of the water from red to yellow as further evidence of coliform bacterial activity. The higher the number of positive results in the supply tube, the greater the risk of serious bacterial infection. The test required a 44-48 hours to get the result.

Total coliform bacteria are a collection of different types of bacteria in water, soil, human or animal waste. Most of them are harmless. Detection of these bacteria in drinking water or water sources is very important because the presence of total coliform bacteria is an indicator of possible contamination. Consequently we can easily move forward to solve the problem. If only the total coliform bacteria are present in the water and fecal coliform bacteria are absent; This indicates that the source is probably environmental (portable water).

Method of Total coliform bacteria test by LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit

Sample collection: First you have to collect water sample in the supplied water sampling bag with the LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit. Note that the bag contains a tablet rich in dechlorinating agent (2-2197), which is provided to neutralize any chlorine present in the water. Chlorine helps to suppress the growth of coliform bacteria. The outlet at the source of the sample should be cleaned and erased during sample collection and the sample collection bag should not be touched on the inside so that bacteria cannot enter the sample from outside.

Allow the tap (cold water) to run for 2 to 3 minutes or until the line is flush. Reduce the flow of tap water at such a rate that water can be collected in the sampling bag without spraying water. Now tear off the top of the bag in the scored line and pull the tabs outwards to open the bag. Do not touch the inner surface when opening the bag.

Fill the bag up to 4 oz field line. Pull the wire ends to close and whirl the bag for three complete revolutions. Shake the bag to dissolve the tablet.

Remove all 5 tubes from the display package and open the caps. Unwhirl the bag and pull the tabs outward to open the bag. Fold the inside of a tape wire to form the spout. Carefully fill all 5 tubes up to the 10 ml line with the water sample. Replace the caps tightly. Do not mix or shake the tubes.

LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit

Stand the carton straight and carefully place all 5 tubes in the display package. Make sure all the tubes are standing vertically. The tablet should lie flat on the bottom of each tube.

Store the tubes at room temperature for 44-48 hours without direct sunlight. The air temperature should be fairly constant and between 70°-85°F (21°-29°C). While the tubes can be incubated at room temperature, incubation at 44.5° C (112° F) will accelerate growth and result in a more rapid test result. Do not disturb or shake the tubes during the scheduled incubation period. If these storage conditions are not followed properly, then the total coliform bacteria test results may not be appropriate.

A positive result in any one of the five tubes should be considered as a potential coliform bacterial contamination. Both yellow color and gas bubbles must be present for positive test results. You should remember that yellow color without gas bubble does not indicate the presence of bacteria. If any positive results are found in two or more tubes, there is a possibility of a serious bacterial infection problem. Further steps should be taken to validate these results by a certified ad bacteriological laboratory.

DISPOSAL
After recording the results of total coliform bacteria test dispose the inoculated tubes by treating with chlorine bleach. Dispose of the LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit tubes and package as required by local jurisdiction. Do not reuse the tubes for the test of total coliform bacteria.

Questions & answers

Q. Is the product for a single test or 5 different tests?

Answer: The 5 vials of the kit are for a single test. You should know that a positive result can be found in any one of the five tubes. One positive result considered as a possible coliform bacterial contamination whereas two or more positive results considered as a possibility of a serious coliform bacterial contamination.

Q. Can I use the kit to test for fecal coliform?

Answer: No, It only tests if coliform is present or absence in the water sample.

Q. Can it count how many total coliform are present ?

Answer: No, it does not count how many total coliform are present in the water sample. We can just idea if the sample water has serious or low coliform bacterial contamination. The higher the number of positive results in the supply tube, the greater the risk of serious bacterial infection.

Q. Is the LaMotte 4-3616 suitable for testing pool water?

Answer: Yes, you can use The LaMotte 4-3616 Coliform Test Kit for testing pool water. It can only show the presence or absence of coliform but does not shows how many total coliform are present in the supplied water.

Express water heavy metal whole house water filter review

August 3, 2020August 3, 2020 Tasrik Leave a comment

The express water heavy metal whole house water filter is a three stage home water filtration system. It is one of the best POE (Point Of Entry) type whole house filtration systems which provide clean and safe water throughout our entire home for drinking, washing, and bathing. The local water of our city may have chlorine, arsenic, heavy metals, synthetic fluoride, herbicides, pesticides, and more. By using this unfiltered water is risk for our health and for our home equipment. This three stages filtration system named Sediment, KDF and Carbon Filter remove chlorine, iron, rust, lead, pesticides, mercury, dirt, sand, viruses, fungi, sulfur, insecticides, chloramine, silt, turbidity, aluminum, copper, Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC), herbicides, cadmium, copper, hydrogen sulfate, nickel, chromium, cloudiness, and odors form water. Then you will get a better household experience overall. This filter does not waste any water and it does not need adding any chemicals. The following points will help you to buy the best whole house water filter system on the market.

Types of whole house water Contaminants

In general, the most common type of contaminants in our tap water is fall into the categories of Sediments, Heavy Metals, Chemicals or VOCs, and Bacteria. The heavy metals can get into our water by naturally or plumbing system. Among the heavy metals, lead is the most common type of contaminant, but copper, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, Nickel, Mercury, Aluminum, Iron are the few other metals that could be contaminant in our tap water. Old pipe line, broken or cracked water line or tank system can also the sources of bacteria, microorganism, fungi, rust, silt, turbidity, and different bad odors. Further again the tap water or line water may also contaminant with chlorine, insecticides, herbicides, pesticides dirt, sand, chloramine, Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC), cloudiness and fluoride.

What is the effect of the contaminant water

The contaminant water has various effects on our health and on our home equipment. With the heavy metal water system we may experience with staining on the floor, basin, toilet bowls, sinks, bathtubs as well as clothes. Chlorine water has a bad effect on the hair, nails and skin. The skin may be dried and the hair may be dull.

Construction and function of the express water heavy metal whole house water filter

The express water whole house filter is made with high quality and durable 100% food-grade ABS and PCE plastic materials. The system includes pressure gauges, easy release and 1 inch connections for easy adaptability and high flow. The housings are precision fitted to a durable stainless freestanding mount so that we can changes the filter with very easy. The Express Water Heavy Metal Whole House Water Filter has three stages named sediment, KDF and carbon block. Among them the first filter sediment housing is transparent, as result we can see the inside of the filter and know when it needs to be replaced. The 3 stages describe as below:

Stage 1: Sediment

Sediment is the first stage of the express water whole house water filter system. It is made with precision packed food-grade polypropylene microfiber. It has 4 distinct layers to catch the contaminants like sand, rust, and dirt up to 5 microns. The outer layers of this sediment catch the coarse contaminants and the inner layers catch finer particles.

Stage 2: KDF

Kinetic Degradation Fluxion (KDF) filter is the second stage of Whole House System. It is made with catalytic carbon and high purity ionically charged copper and zinc granules. So when the water flow between this filter then occurs a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction and captures iron, lead, arsenic, mercury, aluminum, sulfur, algae, viruses, hydrogen sulfide, fungi, chlorine, chloramine and controls and inhibit growth of microorganism. This second stage is focused on capturing heavy metal contaminants. Finished with a thermal bonded cap and industrial sealed silicon ring makes it durable and reliable.

Stage 3: Carbon Block

Activated Carbon Block (ACB) is the third stage of the express water heavy metal whole house water filter. It is made with tight packed, laboratory vacuum heated carbon for high capacity filtration. It captures chlorine, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), pharmaceuticals, turbidity, pesticides, and chemicals causing bad tastes and odors. This stage focuses on taste and drink-ability of your water and removing chemicals. Finished with a thermal bonded cap and industrial sealed silicon ring to make sure it’s durable and reliable.

What does a whole house water filter do?

Whole house water filter systems are popular filtering solutions that are currently used throughout the country because they’re effective and produce high-quality water. It can provide clean and safe water for your family to drinking, washing, cooking and bathing. This three-stage whole house filtration system ensures that all harmful chemicals, dirt, and odors are carefully removed from tap water. Each stage of filtration is specifically designed to help your water be pure as possible when reaching the faucet.

How to find the best whole house water filter?

If you want to purchase a whole house filtration system, then you have to consider some factors. These factors include type of filter, micron filter, lifetime, flow rate, Certifications, Installation and maintenance.

Consider the Type of Filter

The filters that are found in the markets are not same type and same quality. At first, we have to consider which specific contaminants are present in the water, and then pick the filter which is effective for that water.

Filter Micron Size

The filter micron size indicates which particles they can remove. Lower micron size filter can remove most of the contaminants. This express water filter can removes the contaminants which particle size is 5 microns or above.

The lifetime of the filter and support

We should consider the filter that can last for a long period of time. The express water given 1 year warranty on all Express Water Systems and the company offers free lifetime support. But you have to change the cartridge after 6-12 month uses or after filter 100,000 gallons of water. The lifetime of filters will depend on the quality of water and number of family member. Usually, the lifetime of the filter cartridge for a four family member is one year. After that, you will need to replace them.

Flow Rate

The flow rate means the amount of water pressure delivered in all areas of the house. You need a system that will deliver fast and steady flow of water in all areas of your house. Generally, most of the household water system has a flow rate from 10 to 20 gallons per minute. The flow rate of express water is designed with 15 gallons water per minute which is great and we won’t notice any drop of pressure at the tap. We can also know the filter performance with the value of the three pressure gauges.

Installation and maintenance

Easy Installation and maintenance consider one of the qualities for any filter. The express water whole house water filter system designed with such a way that we can install it very quickly and easiest way; the entire unit can be installed in less than 2 hours. One the other hand, changing a filter cartridge takes minutes. You can change them easily without the help of a professional.

Certifications

We will find one or more symbols on the packaging of a product; it may be certification or award symbols. The certification like NSF and ANSI means that it was tested by the NSF and ANSI to comply with their rules and regulations. Certification for NSF or ANSI is a crucial factor in your filtration system. The express water whole house filter is NSF/ANSI certified.

Pros

Heavy-duty, durable construction
Simple installation and maintenance process
Stainless steel housing for easier filter changes
Removes most heavy metals from tap water
Eliminating odors
Clean, purified water is delivered to the whole house within seconds.
Water pressure is a high, flow rate 15 GPM which is ideal for large houses
Pressure gauges make it easy to see the state of your system
A one-year warranty, Long filter life and lifetime support
NSF/ANSI certified

Cons

Replacement filters must be exact matches
Parts, including filters, can be pricey
No real installation “instructions” provided
It does not suitable for hard water

Conclusion

The express water whole house water filter system is the right model which will better suit all your needs. They are not only well made, but also very effective and standards for fair price.

Frequently Asked Questions

The main points about the whole house filtration system are described in above. However some question may rise in some users. So among the most frequently asked questions about the water filtration systems are answered below.

Q: Does the whole house filter work with well water?

If the water comes from a private well instead of from the city’s water line, then it is also need filter. Generally, the well water is not 100% pure because the ground itself can be contaminated with dissolved salt like calcium and magnesium, bad odor, microorganism’s etc. Dissolved salt of calcium and magnesium means hard water. If the water is too hard then the filter is not suitable. In these cases you need another filter like reverse osmosis system. So be sure to check your water quality before choosing a system for well water.

Q: Will a whole house filter remove or reduce Fluoride?

No, the express water whole house water filter would not remove or reduce Fluoride.

Q: Do I need a separate storage tank for the system?

You do not need a separate storage tank for this system because it is an in-line filtration system.

Q: Will this system remove dissolved calcium and magnesium salt?

The express water whole house filter system does not remove dissolved calcium and magnesium salt. The water that contains dissolved calcium and magnesium salt are hard water. To reduce hardness you need another filter like reverse osmosis system.

Q: Will this kill bacteria like coliform?

No, the express water heavy metal whole house water filter does not kill bacteria like coliform. You will need a UV light to kill bacteria. Install the UV light after the filtration.

COVID-19 impact on water pollution

June 27, 2020June 26, 2020 Tasrik Leave a comment

COVID 19 has impact on water pollution. The EPA provides important information on corona-virus related to drinking water and wastewater. Researchers have not been able to detect COVID-19 in drinking water supplies. Based on current evidence, the risk of water supply is low. Americans can continue to use and drink water from their taps as usual.

COVID-19 impact on water pollution — Pic: Operation Mer Propre

The COVID-19 virus is an enveloped virus, with a fragile outer membrane. Generally, enveloped viruses are less stable in the environment and are more susceptible to oxidants, such as chlorine. While there is no evidence to date about survival of the COVID-19 virus in water or sewage, the virus is likely to become inactivated significantly faster than non-enveloped human enteric viruses with known waterborne transmission (such as adenoviruses, norovirus, rotavirus and hepatitis A).

For example, one study found that a surrogate human corona-virus survived only 2 days in dechlorinated tap water and in hospital wastewater at 20°C. Other studies concur, noting that the human corona-viruses transmissible gastroenteritis corona-virus and mouse hepatitis virus demonstrated a 99.9% die-off in from 2 days at 23°C to 2 weeks at 25°C. Heat, high or low pH, sunlight, and common disinfectants (such as chlorine) all facilitate die off. (Source: WHO)

During the lock-down, the water of different reservoirs is affected in various ways. During this time, large industries closed, and tourism and other activities declined. As a result, the amount of water polluting wastes has been reduced or completely stopped. Therefore improves water quality. But these improvements in environmental pollution are considered temporary. When industries are in full swing after the lock-down, and more mineral resources are extracted, waste will be emitted at the same rate as before the lock-down, resulting in water contaminants such as biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, coliform levels etc. returning to previous levels.

On the other hand, during the COVID-19 period, the use of hand sanitizers and soaps increased significantly. These will contaminate the water. Similarly, the use of other COVID-19 resistant equipment such as masks, hand gloves, PPE, etc. has increased, which can contaminate water including water logging.

Water used after daily hand and mouth washing; there is a risk of COVID-19 infection in toilet water. Professor Dr. Shubhjit Biswas, a scientist in the Indian Department of Immunology, also said that the water used could infect COVID-19. The possibility of group infection in densely populated areas cannot be ruled out. Do not allow used water to put aside.

Through the clean-up program since last April, members of the French non-profit organization Operation Mer Propre have seen numerous masks floating in the sea and numerous rubber gloves lying in waterlogged conditions all over the coast. Not only that plastic masks, gloves and plastic bottles of hand sanitizers, along with plastic cups and aluminum containers, are piled up on the Mediterranean floor. But there are indications of a new type of pollution in the near future, as the demand for disposable plastics is increasing in the world affected by the current Covid-19. Gradually it will become ubiquitous. There are masks and dirty gloves wrapped in seaweed.

Swimming pool start up kits

March 3, 2020March 3, 2020 Tasrik Leave a comment

Swimming pool start up kits are the most important chemicals for any pool owner. After the winter season when the weather is starting to warm up or when we fill up new pool for the first time both cases these kits plays an important rule; it is not a matter whether it is in ground or above ground pool or intex pool. Without water balance the pool water isn’t quite ready for swimmers. The correct pool start up chemicals make the pool is free of any potentially harmful contaminants and will protect the swimmers. These chemical contains total alkalinity controller, pH, hardness, sanitize, stain prevention products, algaecides, clarifiers and Sun Sorb. Together, all of these chemicals will clean, clear and safe pool water and therefore we can jump into the pool and start to enjoy the swimming. The following top 10 pool opening tips should be taken by the pool owners which is very easy to do.

Step-1: Taking Off Pool Cover

If the pool is an existing pool and having a winter cover then remove it carefully because it may have some amount of water and debris on the cover. So before uncover the pool you should remove the water and debris. After removes the water or debris uncover the pool carefully so that it may not fall into the pool, if some amount of water or debris fall into the pool then it does not a matter because the pool will be thoroughly cleaned. After removing clean the cover properly and store in a safe zone like a basement, garage, storage shed so that it does not damage in summer season and you can use for the next winter season.

Step-2: Reconnect the Equipments

After removing the cover, it is time to reconnect all the equipment which are disconnected before the winter season. The equipment may be pool filter, pump, ladder, pool cleaner or other accessories. Then lubricate all the machinery where needed. It is very important for the equipment keeping safe and proper working position.

Step-3: Test the Water

This step is need for both the new pool and winterization pool. In this step test your water by using test kit. It is important to test the water for total alkalinity, pH, Chlorine, hardness and stabilizer levels and use the Swimming pool start up kits step by step. You should take the water samples from different point below from the surface of water and average the result for better one. It will help you which chemical you have to use. Never add the chemicals before test the water.

Step-4: Test the Total Alkalinity

After completing the water test, we have to balance the water by adding chemicals. Firstly we should have to balance the alkalinity because it will help to adjust the other parameter in normal range. Alkalinity measures the concentration of free alkaline substances in the water. The proper levels for total alkalinity range from 80 to 120 ppm. If the alkalinity is high then we can lower it by adding an alkalinity decreaser like sodium bisulfate. On the other hand if the alkalinity is low then we can raise the total alkalinity by adding an alkalinity increaser like sodium bicarbonate.

Step-5: PH adjustment

Once we adjust the total alkalinity then we can begin to adjust to other parameters like pH adjustment. The pH is the determination of the acidity or alkalinity of the water. pH means hydrogen ions molar concentration in a solution. The pH ranges from 0 to 14 where 0 means more acidic and 14 means more basic. The pool water pH level should be adjusted from 7.2 to 7.6. To increase the pH we can add soda ash whereas to decrease the pH we can use pH decreaser like muriatic acid and sodium bisulphate.

Step-6: Calcium Hardness

Pool calcium hardness means the amount of calcium ions concentration in water express as CaCO3. Both high and low levels of calcium hardness create problems in swimming pool. The perfect level of calcium hardness in pool water is 150-350 ppm. if the calcium hardness is very low then we can raise this by adding hardness increaser chemicals like calcium chloride. On the other hand if the calcium hardness is very high then we can decrease this by several way such as dilute the water, hardness reducer. For more information you can see the article “Pool calcium hardness increaser and reducer”.

Step-7: Brush and Vacuum

After the winter season a remarkable amount of dirt and debris may contain in pool water. It can be a source of algae and bacteria. So before the sanitization it is good idea to give the pool a thorough brushing and vacuuming. It will helpful to eliminate algae spores. During brushes it is important to brushing all the point of the pool. Now run the filtration system and circulate the water for at least 8 hours or overnight but it is better to circulate the water for 24 hours. It also helps spreads pool chemicals evenly.

Step-8: Sanitize the Water

After circulate the water next step is to shock or sanitize the pool water. Chlorine used as a sanitizing chemical of water. This chemical help the swimmers from getting rid of bacteria, algae growth, dirt, debris and other unwanted water contaminants that may have entered into the pool during the winter season and keeps the water clean and safe. There are several types of pool chlorine such as gaseous, liquid chlorine, tablet chlorine, granular chlorine and powdered chlorine are used in swimming pool. Calcium hypochlorite is the most common type sanitizing chemicals. Cyanuric acid used in swimming pool as a chlorine stabilizer. It is known as CYA. After adding the chlorine leave the pool for overnight then retest the pH and calcium hardness, adjust these two parameters if necessary.

Step-9: Prevent Algae

If After socking the pool, it is time to start treatment for algae. The most common question from swimming pool owners are that “how to remove algae from pool water”. They are single-celled microscopic organisms that grow quickly in the right conditions. They will create some problem like slime, odor, discolor the water which looks ugly. By keeping pool chemistry at right stage you can prevent their growth. A wide variety species of algae are found in the world. Properly swimming pool water maintenance (including regular circulation and filtration) and keeping minimum sanitizer levels will prevent any algae spores entering the pool water. The most common type swimming pool algaecide are copper sulphate, chelated copper-based products, quaternary ammonia, benzalkonium chloride and simazine.

Step-10: Metal Stains

During winter season, the metal such as manganese, iron and copper can build up in pool water and can lead to discolor the water. The metal may enter in pool water through by chemicals, pool equipment and plumbing or poles, toys, and tools that are fall into the water. Moreover, fresh water is also an important source of metal in pool water. Higher level of metals can create stains on swimming pool. To remove metals you can follow the methods that are described in the article “Problems of iron and copper in pool water”.

To balance the water, use this swimming pool start up kits in a regular basis. It will keep your water and the pool in good condition.